Construction of a core outcome set in clinical research of acupuncture and moxibustion for treatment of adhesive capsulitis / 中国针灸

This study aims to construct the core outcome set for the clinical trials of adhesive capsulitis treated with acupuncture and moxibustion. Using systematic review, semi-structured interview, Delphi questionnaire survey, analytic hierarchy process and expert consensus meeting, the primary outcomes are obtained, i.e. local tenderness, pain degree during movement, range of motion, changes in range of motion, function score, and score of local symptoms of shoulder joint. The secondary outcomes are myofascial thickness, thickness of the inferior wall of the joint capsule, health status, activity of daily living, incidence of adverse events, laboratory indexes, vital signs, cost-effectiveness, total effective rate, and patient satisfaction. It is expected to provide a reference for the outcome selection in clinical trials and the generation of medical evidences in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis with acupuncture and moxibustion.

Effect of Myofascial Trigger Points Electric Stimulation on Phantom Limb Pain after Lower Limb Amputation / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of myofascial trigger point electric stimulation based on mirror therapy on phantom limb pain after lower limb amputation. Methods:From May to November, 2020, 50 patients with phantom limb pain after lower limb amputation were randomly divided into control group (n = 25) and experiment group (n = 25). Both groups accepted mirror therapy, while the experiment group received myofascial trigger point electric stimulation before mirror therapy, for four weeks. They were assessed with short-form of McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Timed 'Up & Go' Test (TUGT) and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) before and after treatment. Results:All the indexes improved in both groups after treatment (|t| > 8.210, P < 0.001), and improved more in the experiment group than in the control group (|t| > 5.103, P < 0.001), except the present pain intensity of SF-MPQ. Conclusion:Mirror therapy is effective on phantom limb pain after lower limb amputation in terms of pain, sleep, anxiety and walking, and the effect could be stronger after myofascial trigger point electric stimulation.

A combined quality evaluation method that integrates chemical constituents, appearance traits and origins of raw Rehmanniae Radix pieces / 中国天然药物

The quality control of Chinese herbal medicine is a current challenge for the internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional quality evaluation methods lack quantitative analysis, while modern quality evaluation methods ignore the origins and appearance traits. Therefore, an integrated quality evaluation method is urgent in need. Raw Rehmanniae Radix (RRR) is commonly used in Chinese herbal medicine. At present, much attention has been drwan towards its quality control, which however is limited by the existing quality evaluation methods. The present study was designed to establish a comprehensive and practical method for the quality evaluation and control of RRR pieces based on its chemical constituents, appearance traits and origins. Thirty-three batches of RRR pieces were collected from six provinces, while high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to determine the following five constituents, including catalpol, rehmannioside A, rehmannioside D, leonuride and verbascoside in RRR pieces. Their appearance traits were quantitatively observed. Furthermore, correlation analysis, principal components analysis (PCA), cluster analysis and t-test were performed to evaluate the qualities of RRR pieces. These batches of RRR pieces were divided into three categories: samples from Henan province, samples from Shandong and Shanxi provinces, and those from other provinces. Furthermore, the chemical constituents and appearance traits of RRR pieces were significantly different from diverse origins. The combined method of chemical contituents, appearance traits and origins can distinguish RRR pieces with different qualities, which provides basic reference for the quality control of Chinese herbal medicine.

Bavachin enhances NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by ATP or nigericin and causes idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity / 医学前沿

Psoraleae Fructus (PF) is a well-known traditional herbal medicine in China, and it is widely used for osteoporosis, vitiligo, and other diseases in clinical settings. However, liver injury caused by PF and its preparations has been frequently reported in recent years. Our previous studies have demonstrated that PF could cause idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI), but the mechanism underlying its hepatotoxicity remains unclear. This paper reports that bavachin isolated from PF enhances the specific stimuli-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and leads to hepatotoxicity. Bavachin boosts the secretion of IL-1β and caspase-1 caused by ATP or nigericin but not those induced by poly(I:C), monosodium urate crystal, or intracellular lipopolysaccharide. Bavachin does not affect AIM2 or NLRC4 inflammasome activation. Mechanistically, bavachin specifically increases the production of nigericin-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species among the most important upstream events in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Bavachin increases the levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase in serum and hepatocyte injury accompanied by the secretion of IL-1β via a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-mediated susceptibility to IDILI. These results suggest that bavachin specifically enhances the ATP- or nigericin-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Bavachin also potentially contributes to PF-induced idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity. Moreover, bavachin and PF should be evaded among patients with diseases linked to the ATP- or nigericin-mediated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which may be a dangerous factor for liver injury.

Erratum: Author correction to 'Cardamonin from a medicinal herb protects against LPS-induced septic shock by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome' Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 9 (2019) 734-744

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.02.003.].

Cardamonin from a medicinal herb protects against LPS-induced septic shock by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome

Aberrant activation of NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse inflammation-related diseases, and pharmacological molecules targeting NLRP3 inflammasome are of considerable value to identifying potential therapeutic interventions. Cardamonin (CDN), the major active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb , has exerted an excellent anti-inflammatory activity, but the mechanism underlying this role is not fully understood. Here, we show that CDN blocks canonical and noncanonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation triggered by multiple stimuli. Moreover, the suppression of CDN on inflammasome activation is specific to NLRP3, not to NLRC4 or AIM2 inflammasome. Besides, the inhibitory effect is not dependent on the expression of NF-B-mediated inflammasome precursor proteins. We also demonstrate that CDN suppresses the NLRP3 inflammasome through blocking ASC oligomerization and speckle formation in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, CDN improves the survival of mice suffering from lethal septic shock and attenuates IL-1 production induced by LPS , which is shown to be NLRP3 dependent. In conclusion, our results identify CDN as a broad-spectrum and specific inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome and a candidate therapeutic drug for treating NLRP3 inflammasome-driven diseases.

Idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity evaluation of Cortex Dictamni based on immune stress / 药学学报

Using the idiosyncratic lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated hepatotoxicity model as a positive control, liver injury induced by Cortex Dictamni aqueous extract (AE) or Cortex Dictamni ethanol extracts (EE) was evaluated. Idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity model was established in rats [Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)-2018-008] by injecting LPS at a dosage of 2.8 mg·kg-1. Rats were randomly divided into 10 groups. The plasma levels of liver function biomarkers such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured. Histological changes (HE staining), hepatocellular apoptosis and the content of cytokines of liver were measured. Network pharmacology was used to analyze the relationship between chemical components and immunity in Cortex Dictamni. Compared with the control group, the doses (25, 50 g·kg-1) of AE or EE had no significant changes in ALT, AST and liver pathology (P>0.05). The doses of 4.2 g·kg-1 of AE or EE+LPS groups exhibited an elevation in ALT, AST and serum cytokines (P<0.01). Disorder of liver lobular arrangement and irregular island-like or massive necrosis of liver cells were observed in these groups. Network pharmacology shows that Cortex Dictamni may directly or indirectly participate in the process of immunomodulation. We found that Cortex Dictamni regulated 15 core targets and affected 19 pathways, including apoptosis, TNF-α, NF-kappa B signaling pathways. These results suggest that Cortex Dictamni can induce idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity and the water extract can induce more serious liver injury then ethanol extract of Cortex Dictamni. These findings provide a reference for elucidating the idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity induced by Cortex Dictamni.

Value of the methylation status of SDC2 and SFRP2 for colorectal cancer screening / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To explore the value of methylation of SDC2 and SFRP2 genes promoter in fecal DNA for colorectal cancer ( CRC) screening. Methods All stool samples were enrolled from Changhai Hospital of Naval Medical University, the Tenth People' s Hospital of Tongji University and the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital. A total of 500 stool samples collected from March 2018 to December 2018 were allocated to CRC group ( 132 CRCs ) , adenoma group ( 38 advanced adenomas), healthy group (152 healthy individuals), interferential group (178 cases of benign colorectal disease or other non-colorectal tumors) and negative group (330 cases composed of healthy group and interferential group ) . The promoter methylation of fecal SDC2 and SFRP2 genes was detected by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and compared with single gene methylation and the fecal immunochemical tests ( FIT) to evaluate its sensitivity and specificity. Results The stool sample analysis showed that the sensitivity of combined detection of SDC2 and SFRP2 in CRC group was 97. 73％ ( 129/132 ) , which was significantly higher than those of the single gene SDC2 test [ 70. 45％ ( 93/132) , P=0. 000] , single SFRP2 test [81. 82％ (108/132), P=0. 000] and FIT [69. 70％ (92/132), P=0. 000]. In adenoma group, the sensitivity of combined detection of SDC2 and SFRP2 was 57. 89％ (22/38), which was significantly higher than those of the single gene SDC2 test [ 15. 79％ ( 6/38 ) , P= 0. 000 ] and FIT [ 21. 05％ ( 8/38 ) , P=0. 021] , with no significant difference compared with that of SFRP2 test [ 47. 37％ ( 18/38) , P=0. 358] . In healthy group, the specificity of combined detection of SDC2 and SFRP2 was 98. 68％ (150/152), with no significant difference compared with those of single gene SDC2 test [ 100. 00％( 152/152) , P=0. 156] , single SFRP2 test [98. 68％ (150/152), P=1. 000] or FIT [95. 39％ (145/152), P=0. 091]. Specificities of combined detection of two genes in interferential and negative groups were 90. 45％ ( 161/178) and 94. 24％( 311/330) , which were significantly higher than 73. 03％( 130/178, P=0. 000) and 83. 33％( 275/330, P=0. 000) of FIT, respectively. Conclusion The combined detection test of methylation of SDC2 and SFRP2 is superior to single gene test, whose sensitivity of CRC and aggressive adenoma and specificity of distinguishing benign and malignant lesions are higher than FIT, which has potential application value.

Regulation and mechanism of corylin on inflammasomes / 中国药理学通报

Aim: To investigate the regulation effect and molecular mechanism of corylin on NLRP3, NL-RC4, AIM2 inflammasomes with immortalized bone marrow-derived macrophages. Methods: The effect of corylin on the NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2 inflammasome activation was evaluated with LPS-induced ATP, nigericin, salmonella, poly(dA: dT). Caspase-1 activity was determined by Caspase-Glo® 1 Inflammasome Assay. Western blot was performed to observe the protein expression levels of mature IL-1β, caspase-1 p20 in the culture supernatants, pro-caspase-1, pro-IL-1β, ASC, NLRP3 in the cell lysates. Results: Corylin blocked the self-slicing of pro-caspase-1 induced by ATP, nigericin, salmonella and poly(dA: dT), then suppressed the secretion of mature IL-1β mediated by caspase-1, which showed that corylin inhibited the NL-RP3, NLRC4, AIM2 inflammasomes activation. Moreover, corylin irreversibly attenuated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome without affecting NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusions: Corylin inhibits the inflammasome activation of NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2, and further reduces its mediated immune inflammatory response. Meanwhile, it provides new ideas and strategies for the treatment of immune inflammatory diseases by using corylin-related preparations.

Panax Notoginseng Flower Extracted by Methanol on Platelet Function in Healthy Human in Vitro / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

@#【Objective】To evaluate the effects of methanol extract of Panax Notoginseng flower（PNFM）on platelet function in healthy human.【Methods】Platelet rich plasma were separated from venous blood of healthy volunteers and incubated with different concentrations（0，100，300 and 500 μg/mL）of PNFM for 20 min. After using ADP as agonist， granule-secretion were tested by CD62P expression and ATP release；integrin-αIIbβ3 activation was examined by PAC-1； Test platelet aggregation by turbidimetry ；Immunofluorescence examine platelet spreading on fibrinogen ；Changes in cytoplasmic calcium was studied using Fluo 3-AM，calcium ionophore. 【Results】After using ADP as agonist ，PNFM significantly inhibited platelet aggregation，compared to the control group（72.00±6.08），the 500μg/mL group decreased to 35.67±3.78（P<0.01）；Compared to the control group（30.05±6.48），PNFM reduced the CD62P expression on platelet surface，the 500 μg/mL group decreased to 2.66±0.90（P<0.001）；PNFM inhibited the expression of PAC-1 as a marker of the integrin- αIIbβ3 comformation，compared to the control group（33.37 ± 8.12），the 500 μg/mL group decreased to 11.89±6.12（P<0.01）；Compared to the control group（1.93±0.47），all dose groups attenuated platelet ATP release，the 500 μg/mL group decreased to 35.67±3.78（P<0.01）；Results demonstrated that 500 μg/mL PNFM markedly decreases the surface area of the spreading platelets（89.57±17.34 to 25.12±3.52，P<0.001），and all doses were affected；The Ca2 + mobilization was also reduced by all PNFM doses，compared to the control group（183.87 ± 11.59），the 500 μg/mL group was decreased to 71.25±5.33（P<0.001）.【Conclusions】PNFM attenuated platelet activation，spreading，and aggregation； Our results provided new ideas for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Mitochondrial uncoupler BAM15 inhibits artery constriction and potently activates AMPK in vascular smooth muscle cells

Our previous studies found that mitochondrial uncouplers CCCP and niclosamide inhibited artery constriction and the mechanism involved AMPK activation in vascular smooth muscle cells. BAM15 is a novel type of mitochondrial uncoupler. The aim of the present study is to identify the vasoactivity of BAM15 and characterize the BAM15-induced AMPK activation in vascular smooth muscle cells (A10 cells). BAM15 relaxed phenylephrine (PE)-induced constricted rat mesenteric arteries with intact and denuded endothelium. Pretreatment with BAM15 inhibited PE-induced constriction of rat mesenteric arteries with intact and denuded endothelium. BAM15, CCCP, and niclosamide had the comparable IC value of vasorelaxation in PE-induced constriction of rat mesenteric arteries. BAM15 was less cytotoxic in A10 cells compared with CCCP and niclosamide. BAM15 depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, induced mitochondrial fission, increased mitochondrial ROS production, and increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate in A10 cells. BAM15 potently activated AMPK in A10 cells and the efficacy of BAM15 was stronger than that of CCCP, niclosamide, and AMPK positive activators metformin and AICAR. In conclusion, BAM15 activates AMPK in vascular smooth muscle cells with higher potency than that of CCCP, niclosamide and the known AMPK activators metformin and AICAR. The present work indicates that BAM15 is a potent AMPK activator.

Inhibitory effect and mechanism of licochalcone A on NLRP3 inflammasome / 药学学报

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), treated with licochalcone A (LCA) and retreated with inflammasome inducers respectively (ATP and nigericin), were used to construct the inflammasome model of NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3), to investigate the inhibitory effect and the molecular mechanism of LCA on the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome. The secretion of mature interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and caspase-1 in the supernatants were analyzed by ELISA and the Caspase-Glo® 1 Inflammasome Assay. Supernatants and cell lysates were analyzed for the expression of pro-caspase-1, pro-IL-1β, ASC, NLRP3, IL-1β, caspase-1 by immunoblotting. The study shows that LCA inhibited the activity of caspase-1 and the secretion of IL-1β, and suppressed the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome. There was also slight inhibition of NLRC4 inflammasome induced by Lfn-Flic, but no effect on poly(dA:dT)-induced the absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome. Western blot showed that LCA had no effect on the protein expression of NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β, which was mediated by NF-κB pathway. In summary, LCA can inhibit the cleavage of pro-caspase-1 and suppress the secretion of IL-1β to reduce the inflammation response. The study was carried out under the approval of the Scientific Investigation Board of 302 Hospital of PLA.

Yield, Nutritional Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Pleurotus ostreatus on Corncobs Supplemented with Herb Residues

Improper disposal of herb residues in China has caused severe problems to the surrounding environment and human safety. Three herb residues, i.e., compound Kushen injection residues (CKI) and part one and part two of Qizhitongluo Capsule residues (QC1 and QC2, respectively), were used for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus. The effect of the supplementation of corncobs (CC) with different herb residues on yield, nutritional composition, and antioxidant activity of P. ostreatus was investigated. Compared to the control, the higher mycelial growth rate was observed on substrates CC +30% CKI and CC +30% QC1, while the higher yield was obtained from substrates CC +30% QC2 and CC +30% CKI. Moreover, chemical analysis of fruit bodies revealed that the addition of herb residues to CC significantly increased proteins, amino acids, ashes, minerals (Na and Ca), and total phenolic contents but significantly reduced carbohydrates and IC50 values of DPPH radicals. In addition, no heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and As) were detected in the fruiting bodies harvested from different substrate combinations. These results demonstrated that mixtures of CC with herb residues might be utilized as a novel, practical, and easily available substrate for the cultivation of P. ostreatus, which is beneficial for the effective management of herb residues.

Evident-Based Nursing Practice for a Ovarian cancer chemotherapy Patient with puncture piont infection of Peripherally Inserted Central catheter / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To formulate a rational adjuvant therapeutic evidence-based nursing plan for a ovarian cancer chemotherapy patient with puncture piont infection of peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC).And practice in the clinic to solve the nursing problems in clinical nursing work. Methods According to the condition of the patient and using the PICO principle, we put forward clinical problems. We comprehensively searched the National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC),Cochrane Library,Pub Med, EMbase,Medline,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang Data from 2007 to 2017. Relevant clinical guidelines, evidence summaries, systematic reviews/ Meta-analysis, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and high quality reviews on nursing puncture piont infection of Peripherally Inserted Central catheter were collected and their authenticity, importance and applicability were evaluated. Results One Meta-analysis, fifteen RCTs, and one review were totally included. According to current evidence as well as the patient′s clinical conditions and preference, a comprehensive and effective adjuvant therapeutic and nursing programme was given to the patient. At the puncture point of PICC infection , PVP iodine was used to hydropathic compress for 15 minutes once a day.After naturally dried, cover with hydrocolloid dressing. After four-day treatment and nursing care, the patient with puncture piont infection had already recovered. Conclusion Evidence-based medicine approaches could help us develop comprehensive therapeutic plans for ovarian cancer chemotherapy patients with puncture piont infection of PICC, promote effectively the puncture point infection recovery,and ensure the normal safe use of PICC .Thereby alleviate pain, improve health, and increase patients′quality of life.

Cyanidin-3-o-β-glucoside Inhibits THP-1 Cells Migration Mediated by Platelet Derived Chemotactic Factor / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective]To evaluate the effects of anthocyanin cyanidin-3-o-β-glucoside(Cy-3-g)on monocyte migra-tion mediated by platelet derived factors in vitro.[Methods]Thrombin-activated human gel-filtered platelets were incubated with different concentrations(0,0.5,5 or 50 μmol/L)of Cy-3-g.The level of TGF-β1,β-TG,CCL5 in platelet superna-tant was determined by ELISA.The peripheral venous blood from healthy volunteers were incubated with different concentra-tions of Cy-3-g. The expression of CCR5 on leukocytes was detected by flow cytometer. Calcein AM labeled THP-1 cells were incubated with the releasates of Cy-3-g-treated gel-filtered platelets for 120 min,and then the number of the THP-1 cells were counted by a microscope.Moreover,THP-1 cells were pre-incubated with different concentrations of Cy-3-g with or without CCR5 inhibitor maraviroc(200 μmol/L)for 60 min,then treated with recombinant CCL5(100 nmol/L)for 120 min.The number of the THP-1 cells were counted as well.[Results]Cy-3-g significantly inhibited platelet TGF-β1,β-TG,CCL5 secretion and decreased CCR5 expression of leukocytes compared with the control(P<0.05).Moreover,the sig-nificant inhibitory effects of Cy-3-g on THP-1 cell migration toward the releasates of Cy-3-g-treated platelets were also ob-served(P<0.05). In addition,THP-1 cell migration toward recombinant CCL5 was significantly suppressed by Cy-3-g.[Conclusions]Anthocyanin Cy-3-g inhibited inflammation of atherosclerosis by platelet TGF-β1,β-TG,CCL5 secretion and CCL5-mediated monocyte migration.Our results provided new ideas for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.

Synthesis and inhibition of NO production activities of 1,6-O, O-diacylbritannilactone derivatives / 中国药科大学学报

Eight 1,6-O,O-diacetylbritannilactone (OABL) derivatives (compounds 1-8) were synthesized by esterification or reduction of 1-O-diacetylbritannilactone (ABL) isolated from Inula japonica.All derivatives were evaluated for their anti-inflammation activities through the determination of inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages.As results,compounds 5-8 (IC50 ＜ 2 μmol/L) exhibited more potent inhibition of NO production activities than the lead compound OABL.

Preparation of reference materials of total thyroxine / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To prepare the serum reference materials for total thyroxine .Methods Individual blood samples were collected from 13 healthy donors (7 males and 6 females) aged from 20 to 50 years old, and the sera were separated and mixed into 4 serum pools according to the concentration of thyroxine.The materials were tested for homogeneity and stability using routine methods .The method of isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry ( ID-LC/MS/MS) was used to determine the concentration of thyroxine .The candidate reference materials were also measured by four conventional methods to analyze the commutability of the materials .Results It showed that the four candidate reference materials were homogeneous and commutable in four conventional methods and they were tested to be stable for at least 1 year at -70 ℃using the isochronous stability study .The certified values ( reference value ± expanded uncertainty ,nmol/L) were:75.9 ±1.8,105.3 ±2.2,114.7 ±2.1 and 187.4 ±2.9.Conclusions Certified reference materials for serum thyroxine have been prepared .These materials have been approved to be the Certificate Reference Materials of GBW 09127,GBW 09128,GBW 09129 and GBW 09130.

Chemical constituents from stems of Hedyotis hedyotidea and their immunosuppressive activity / 中国中药杂志

Hedyotis hedyotidea has been traditionally used for the treatment of arthritis, cold, cough, gastro-enteritis, headstroke, etc. But few studies have screened the active compounds from extracts of H. hedyotidea. In this study, the structure of the chemical constituents from stems of H. hedyotidea were determined and the immunosuppressive activity of the compounds was evaluated. The compounds were separated and purified with silica gel, gel column chromatographies and preparative HPLC, and their structures were identified by spectral methods such as MS and NMR. Eleven compounds were obtained and identified as(6S,9S) -vomifoliol (1), betulonic acid (2), betulinic acid (3), betulin(4), 3-epi-betulinic acid (5), ursolic acid (6), β-sitosterol (7), stigmast-4-en-3-one (8), 7β-hydroxysitosterol (9), (3β,7β) -7-methoxystigmast-5-en-3-ol (10) and morindacin (11). This is the first report of compounds 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 10 and 11 from H. hedyotidea. Compounds 1, 2 and 8-11 were firstly isolated from the genus Hedyotis, and compounds 9 and 10 were isolated from the family Rubiaceae for the first time. The immunosuppressive activity of these compounds was tested using the lymphocyte transsormationtest. Compounds 4, 6 and 9 showed significant immunosuppressive activity.

Anti-inflammatory constituents from Inula japonica / 中国中药杂志

Chemical constituents of Inula japonica were isolated and purified by repeated column chromatographies, over silica gel, and Toyopearl HW-40, and preparative HPLC. On the basis of spectral data analysis, including NMR and MS data, the structures of the isolates were elucidated and their anti-inflammatory activities were assayed. Fifteen compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of I. japonica, and their structures were elucidated as dihydrosyringenin (1), (3S, 5R, 6S, 7E)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (2), (6R, 7E) -9-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one (3), arnidiol (4), taraxasterol acetate (5), 8,9,10-trihydroxythymol (6), taxifolin (7), luteolin (8), napetin (9), eupatin (10), spinacetin (11), quercetin (12), p-hydroxycinnamic acid (13), caffeic acid (14), and caffeoyl acetate (15). Compounds 1, 2, 7, 13 and 15 were isolated from the genus Inula for the first time, and compounds 3, 4, 9-11 and 14 were isolated from this plant for the first time. The anti-inflammatory activity result showed that compounds 3, 6-12 and 14 exhibited inhibition effect against leukotriene C4 (LTC4) synthesis and degranulation definitely in c-Kit Ligand (KL) induced mast cells, and compound 8 and 12 also had the suppression effect against lipopolysacharide(LPS) induced nitric oxide (NO) activity in RAW264.7 macrophages. It is firstly reported that compounds 7 and 9-11 possessed potent inhibition activities against LTC4 generation and degranulation in mast cells.

Chemical constituents from Pachysandra terminalis / 中国中药杂志

To study chemical constituents from Pachysandra terminalis. By repeated column chromatography, including silica gel, Toyopearl HW-40, and preparative HPLC, four new (14) and one known (5) compounds were isolated and purified. On the basis of spectral data analysis, the structure of isolated compounds were elucidated as follow: 2-methyl-3-methylenepentane-1, 2, 5-triol (1), 4-methyl-3-methylenepentane-1, 2, 5-triol (2), 4-methyl-3-methylenepentane-1, 2, 5-triol-5-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), 4-methyl-3-methylenep- entane-1, 2, 5-triol-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), (7S, 8R, 8' R)-(+)-lariciresinol-9-O-beta-D-glucopyrano-side (5). Compound 5 was isolated from this genus for the first time.